Smerch Shtil-1 The Buk missile system was designed to surpass the 2K12 Kub in all parameters, and its designers, including its chief designer, visited Egypt in 1971 to see Kub in operation. Both the Kub and Buk used self-propelled launchers developed by Ardalion Rastov. As a result of this visit, the developers came to the conclusion that each Buk (TEL) should have its own fire control radar, rather than being reliant on one central radar for the whole system as in Kub. The result of this move from TEL to (TELAR) was development of a system able to shoot at multiple targets in multiple directions at the same time.

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In 1974 the developers determined that although the Buk missile system is the successor to the Kub missile system, both systems could share some interoperability. The result of this decision was the 9K37-1 Buk-1 system. Interoperability between Buk TELAR and Kub TEL meant an increase in the number of fire control channels and available missiles for each system, as well as faster entry of Buk system components into service. The Buk-1 was adopted into service in 1978 following completion of state trials, while the complete Buk missile system was accepted into service in 1980 after state trials took place between 1977 and 1979. External images The naval variant of the 9K37 'Buk', the 3S-90 'Uragan,' was developed by the under the direction of chief designer G.N. The 3S-90 used the same 9M38 missile as the 9K37, though the launcher and associated guidance radars were exchanged for naval variants. After the 9S-90 system was tested, between 1974 and 1976 on the Provorny, it was accepted into service in 1983 on the Project 956.

No sooner had the 9K37 'Buk' entered service than the Central Committee of the CPSU authorised the development of a modernised 9K37 which would become the 9K37M1 Buk-M1, adopted into service in 1983. The modernisation improved the performance of the system radars, its 'probability of kill' and its resistance to (ECM).

Additionally a non-cooperative threat classification system was installed, relying on analysis of returned radar signals to purportedly identify and clearly distinguish civilian aircraft from potential military targets in the absence of. Inside the TEL of a Buk-M1-2 SAM system The Buk-M1-2 TELAR uses the designed and produced by JSC (). TELAR is a turret containing the fire control radar at the front and a launcher with four ready-to-fire missiles on top. Each TELAR is operated by a crew of four and is equipped with (CBRN) protection. It can guide up to three missiles against a single target. While the early Buk had a day radar tracking system 9Sh38 (similar to that used on, and ), its current design can be fitted with a combined optical tracking system with a thermal camera and a laser range-finder for passive tracking of the target.

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The 9K37 system can also use the same 1S91 Straight Flush 25 kW / radar as the 3M9 'Kub' system. The 9S35 radar of the original Buk TELAR uses a mechanical scan of a reflector, where the Buk-M2 TELAR design used a, for tracking and missile guidance.

Wheeled TELAR of Buk-M2EK SAM system at, 2011 • 9K317E 'Buk-M2E' - revised design for export markets • 9K37M1-2A 'Buk-M1-2A' - redesign of Buk-M1-2 for the use of 9M317A missile • 'Buk-M2EK' – A wheeled variant of Buk-M2 on MZKT-6922 chassis exported to Venezuela and Syria. • 9K317M 'Buk-M3' – A SAM battalion has 36 target channels in total.

Free download idm tanpa registrasi. Naval version design tree [ ] • 3S90/M-22 Uragan (SA-N-7 'Gadfly') – Naval version of the 9K37 Buk missile system with 9M38/9M38M1 missile. • 3S90 Ezh (SA-N-7B/SA-N-12 'Grizzly') – Naval version of the 9K37M1-2 with 9M317 missile. • 3S90 Shtil (SA-N-7C 'Gollum') – Naval export version of the 9K37M1-2 with 9M317E missile.

• 3S90E 'Shtil-1' (SA-N-12 'Grizzly') – Naval export version with 9M317ME missile. • 3S90M Smerch (SA-N-12 'Grizzly') – Possible naval version with 9M317M missile. Copies [ ] • Belarus – In May on the -2005 exposition in, Belarus presented their own digital upgrade package for early models of 9K37 Buk, called Buk-MB. On 26 June 2013 an exported version of Buk-MB was displayed on a military parade in Baku. It included the new 80K6M Ukrainian-build radar on an MZKT chassis (instead the old 9S18M1) and the new Russian-build missile 9M317 (as in Buk-M2).

Buk-MB has been sold to Azerbaijan. 9A316M launcher of the Buk-M3 surface-to-air missile system The 9K317M 'Buk-M3' (9K37M3) is the latest production version, based on new hardware. It has 36 target channels and features advanced electronic components. Specifications include a maximum target speed of 3,000 m/s (11,000 km/h; 6,700 mph; Mach 8.8), an altitude range of 0.015–35 km (49–114,829 ft) and a distance range of 2.5–70 km (1.6–43.5 mi). Extensive trials began in 2015, with the first deliveries planned for 2016. (2 into 2016).